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Extreme environment impact: Near hot hydrothermal vents, temperatures swing from a few to hundreds of degrees. This affects rig parts’ stability and lifespan.
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Complex terrain obstacles: Hydrothermal areas have rugged seabed volcanic terrain. Rigs struggle to move and position, risking collisions and jams.
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Energy supply limits: Deep-sea operations restrict rig energy. Completing efficient drilling with limited power remains a tough problem.