Water well drilling rig

Water well drilling rigs are categorized into three types:

rotary, impact, and compound, based on rock-breaking methods.

Rotary rigs rotate drill tools to cut through soil layers, suitable for loose strata like clay and sand. Impact rigs use drill bit gravity to strike rock layers, working well in gravel or hard rock. Compound rigs combine rotation and impact functions, adapting to complex strata. Modern rigs often adopt hydraulic power head structures with mud pumps for slurry discharge via forward/reverse circulation. For example, the BX400 rig can drill 400-meter-deep wells. Key components include hydraulic oil pumps, four-legged stabilizers, and power heads. Hydraulic systems separately control rotation and lifting, ensuring vertical alignment and operational efficiency.