Basic composition and working principle of water well drilling rig hydraulic systems

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A water well drilling rig hydraulic system has five parts: power, executive, control, auxiliary components and working medium. They work together to transfer energy.

 

  1. Power components: Mainly hydraulic pumps, driven by diesel engines or motors. They convert mechanical energy to hydraulic energy, supplying high-pressure oil. Gear pumps and piston pumps are common—piston pumps suit medium/large rigs for high pressure and easy flow adjustment.
  2. Executive components: Include hydraulic cylinders and motors. Cylinders handle linear motion (e.g., mast lifting, feeding). Motors drive rotation, spinning bits to cut strata. Motors adjust speed via flow valves for different geology.
  3. Control components: Various valves—relief valves set max pressure to prevent overload; directional valves change oil flow, reversing motion (e.g., drill pipe up/down); throttle valves adjust speed by regulating flow.

 

Auxiliary components: Tank (stores oil, dissipates heat), pipes, filters (clears impurities), coolers (lowers oil temp to avoid degradation).

 

Working medium: Hydraulic oil transfers energy, lubricates, resists rust and cools. Choose viscosity by temperature—low viscosity for cold to prevent solidification.

 

Working principle: Pumps draw oil from the tank, press it to control components. Adjusted oil enters executives, moving parts to work. Low-pressure oil flows back to the tank, forming a loop.water well drilling rig